{"id":1678,"date":"2020-10-06T14:27:38","date_gmt":"2020-10-06T11:27:38","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/geopolitika.cfuv.ru\/?page_id=1678"},"modified":"2020-10-06T14:31:28","modified_gmt":"2020-10-06T11:31:28","slug":"geoecological-features-of-solid-municipal-waste-storage-facilities-placement-in-voronezh-region","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/geopolitika.cfuv.ru\/en\/arhiv\/%d1%82%d0%be%d0%bc-6-16-%d0%b2%d1%8b%d0%bf%d1%83%d1%81%d0%ba-2-2020-%d0%b3\/geoecological-features-of-solid-municipal-waste-storage-facilities-placement-in-voronezh-region\/","title":{"rendered":"GEOECOLOGICAL FEATURES OF SOLID MUNICIPAL WASTE STORAGE FACILITIES PLACEMENT IN VORONEZH REGION"},"content":{"rendered":"

JOURNAL: <\/strong>\u00ab GEOPOLITICS AND ECOGEODYNAMICS OF REGIONS\u00bb \u00a0<\/strong>Volume 6 (16) issue 2, 2020<\/p>\n

Section\u00a0 <\/strong>2.<\/strong> Practical issues of geopolitics and ecogeodynamics<\/strong><\/p>\n

Publication text (PDF):\u00a0<\/strong>Download<\/a><\/p>\n

UDK: <\/strong>911.6<\/p>\n

AUTHOR AND PUBLICATION INFORMATION<\/strong><\/p>\n

AUTHORS:<\/strong><\/p>\n

    \n
  1. <\/a> T.\u00a0V.\u00a0 Ashikhmina, Voronezh State Technical University, Voronezh, Russian Federation<\/li>\n
  2. <\/a> T.\u00a0V.\u00a0 Ovchinnikova, Voronezh State Technical University, Voronezh, Russian Federation<\/li>\n
  3. <\/a> P.\u00a0S.\u00a0 Kuprienko, Voronezh State Technical University, Voronezh, Russian Federation<\/li>\n
  4. <\/a> A.\u00a0M.\u00a0 Ashikhmin, Voronezh State Technical University, Voronezh, Russian Federation<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    TYPE: <\/strong>Article<\/p>\n

    DOI: <\/strong>https:\/\/doi.org\/10.37279\/2309-7663-2020-6-2-254-264<\/a><\/p>\n

    PAGES: <\/strong>from 254\u00a0to 264<\/p>\n

    STATUS: <\/strong>Published<\/p>\n

    LANGUAGE: <\/strong>Russian<\/p>\n

    KEYWORDS: <\/strong>geo-ecological conditions, solid municipal waste landfills, natural landscape zoning, environmental monitoring, Voronezh region.<\/p>\n

    ABSTRACT (ENGLISH):<\/strong><\/p>\n

    The article discusses the geo-environmental conditions of Voronezh region, which have a significant impact on potential environmental threat of solid municipal waste (MSW) facilities.\u00a0 Zoning of the region was carried out according to the priority of potentially dangerous geoecological factors to be assessed when choosing the location of MSW landfills.\u00a0 Conclusions made in this work can serve as recommendations in formation of a resource-saving environmentally friendly waste management system in the territory of the Voronezh region.\u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n

    Introduction<\/strong><\/p>\n

    In the modern world there are a significant number of diverse environmental problems.\u00a0 One of the most urgent is the problem of solid municipal waste management (MSW).<\/p>\n

    Despite development of processing and incineration technologies, the basic procedure to handle municipal waste remains to be disposed of at landfills that occupy large areas and have a long-term negative impact on the environment.\u00a0 In this regard, the planning of the territorial distribution of such facilities should be carried out not without information about complex of climatic and geoecological factors of the region.<\/p>\n

    Currently, 321 MSW facilities (landfills, authorized and unauthorized landfills) with a total area of 568.\u00a016 hectares are operating in the Voronezh region.\u00a0 17 licensed municipal solid waste landfills are located in 15 municipalities and occupy 184.\u00a03\u00a0hectares of land (Fig.\u00a0 1).\u00a0 About 1038 thousand tons of waste are disposed on them, mainly without preliminary sorting [1,2].<\/p>\n

    On the territory of 19 municipalities that do not have MSW facilities included in the SRWDF (State register of waste disposal facilities), waste is disposed of in authorized and unauthorized landfills, or taken out of the municipalities where it was generated.<\/p>\n

    Location of MSW landfills based on their binding to large sources of waste generation.\u00a0 Most of these facilities are concentrated in the western part of the Voronezh region.<\/p>\n

    This study is concluded in order to regionalize territory of the Voronezh region on the basis of the analysis of geoecological factors that significantly affect the environmental safety of MSW landfills, as well as develop recommendations on priority areas for assessing the conditions of disposal and environmental monitoring of waste storage facilities.<\/p>\n

    \"\"<\/p>\n

    Fig.\u00a0 1.\u00a0 <\/strong>MSW landfills in municipal areas of the Voronezh region<\/p>\n

    MSW landfills: 1 \u2013 LLC “Cascade” Semiluksky district; 2 \u2013 LLC EcoSphere Semiluksky district (LLC Voronezh-MSW); 3 \u2013 municipal unitary enterprise Novovoronezh “Aquaservice”, Novovoronezh; 4 \u2013 LLC Poetro-Polygon, New Usman river; 5 \u2013 Municipal Unitary Enterprise “Davydovskoye Municipal Economy” of the Liskinsky District; 6 \u2013 LLC Polygon, urban settlement Anna; 7 \u2013 LLC “Improvement”, Borisoglebsk; 8 \u2013 LLC “MUP for cleaning the city”, Liski; 9 \u2013 LLC \u201cHeating system plus\u201d, Novokhopersky district; 10 \u2013 Municipal Unitary Enterprise \u201cOstrogozhsky Plant for Improvement\u201d, Ostrogozhsk; 11 \u2013 LLC \u201cResource MSW\u201d, Kamensky district, s.\u00a0 Evdakovo; 12 \u2013 Pavlovsk municipal unitary enterprise housing and communal services, Pavlovsk; 13 \u2013 IP Lunev A.\u00a0I.\u00a0, Olkhovatsky district; 14 \u2013 LLC “Podgorensky municipal center”, Podgorensky district; 15 \u2013 municipal unitary enterprise of Rossosh city, special vehicle base \u201cKommunalnik\u201d; 16 \u2013 LLC “Zhilservice”, Verkhnemamonsky district, Upper Mamon; 17 \u2013 LLC Bogucharbytservice, Bogucharsky district, Boguchar<\/em>.<\/p>\n

    Composed by the autors<\/em><\/p>\n

    Object and research methods<\/strong><\/p>\n

    The object of the study is the geoecological conditions and processes that determine the natural landscape conditions of the territories where the existing and planned MSW landfill sites are planned.<\/p>\n

    During the research, were used materials from the SRWDF and the waste cadastre of the Voronezh region [1, 2], the Voronezh center for hydrometeorology and environmental monitoring [3], and the Territorial center for state monitoring of the geological environment and water bodies of the Voronezh region [4].\u00a0 Analysis of the natural conditions of Voronezh region was carried out on the basis of the results of F.\u00a0N.\u00a0\u00a0Milkova, V.\u00a0B.\u00a0 Mikhno, B.\u00a0P.\u00a0 Akhtyrtseva, V.\u00a0M.\u00a0 Smolyaninova, et al.\u00a0 [5\u20138].<\/p>\n

    Studies were conducted using methods: analysis and synthesis, expert judgment, cartographic, statistical, comparative geographic, geographic information mapping, analysis of literary sources.<\/p>\n

    Results and discussion<\/strong><\/p>\n

    The waste transformation processes at landfills, accompanied by the emission of generated substances into the environment, allow us to consider these objects as natural-technical geo-ecological systems that are in constant long-term interaction with the region\u2019s ecogeosphere.\u00a0 The directions and consequences of this interaction depend significantly on the geoecological conditions of the polygon location, primarily on the geological structure of the territory.\u00a0 Moreover, the water permeability of the relief-forming rocks, their structure and mineralogical composition, as factors determining the development of exogenous processes are of great importance [9].<\/p>\n

    Analysis of the natural landscape conditions of Voronezh region allowed us to identify 6 districts with different conditions for the placement of MSW landfills (Fig.\u00a0\u00a02, Table\u00a01).<\/p>\n

    The territory of the northwestern region has a flat character and varying degrees of dissection.\u00a0 The location of the district is the Central Russian Upland.\u00a0 The watersheds are often flat.\u00a0 River valleys are usually narrow and deeply incised; floodplains and floodplain terraces are poorly developed due to the high density of karst Upper Devonian limestones prevailing here.\u00a0 Such a geological structure requires additional measures to protect the base of the landfill from destruction.<\/p>\n

    The dense ravine-girder network, which arose due to water erosion, also complicates the construction of waste disposal facilities.\u00a0 The width of specific beams is small \u2014 15\u201350 m, they are mainly canyon-shaped.\u00a0 Among the soils, gray forest and podzolized chernozems predominate.\u00a0 In this region, the maximum amount of precipitation falls for the region, which leads to increased accumulation of leachate.<\/p>\n

    \"\"<\/p>\n

    Fig.\u00a0 2.\u00a0 <\/strong>Natural-landscape zones of the Voronezh region<\/p>\n

    1 \u2013 Northwest region; 2 \u2013 Western region; 3 \u2013 Southern region; 4 \u2013 Central district; 5 \u2013 Northeast region; 6 \u2013 Southeast region;<\/em><\/p>\n

    \u0421<\/em>omposed by the autors<\/em><\/p>\n

    1\u20131, 2\u20132, 3\u20133 location of geological sections (Fig.\u00a0 3, 4, 5)<\/p>\n

    Table 1<\/strong><\/p>\n

    Characterization of districts according to conditions of construction and operation of MSW landfills in the Voronezh region<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
    \u00a0 Zones<\/td>\nRelief Forming Rocks<\/p>\n

     <\/td>\n

    		Hydro thermal coefficient<\/td>\nWater permeability of rocks,% atm.\u00a0 precipitation<\/td>\nValleybeam section km\/km2<\/sup><\/td>\nBeam area, km2<\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    1<\/strong><\/td>\n2<\/strong><\/td>\n3<\/strong><\/td>\n4<\/strong><\/td>\n5<\/strong><\/td>\n6<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    \u00a0 Northwestern<\/strong><\/td>\nUpper Devonian Limestones<\/td>\n1,1<\/td>\n9,0<\/td>\n1,2<\/td>\n110,4<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Western<\/strong><\/td>\nSands and clays of the Paleogene; Upper Cretaceous carbonate rocks<\/td>\n1,0<\/td>\n8,0<\/td>\n1,5<\/td>\n792,0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Southern<\/strong><\/td>\nChalks and marls of the Upper Cretaceous<\/td>\n0,9<\/td>\n7,7<\/td>\n0,9<\/td>\n1008,0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Central<\/strong><\/td>\nQuaternary Ancient Alluvial Sands<\/td>\n1,0<\/td>\n7,8<\/td>\n0,5<\/td>\n62,5<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Noth<\/strong>–<\/strong>erastern<\/strong><\/td>\nQuaternary Glacial Loam<\/td>\n0,7<\/td>\n2,4<\/td>\n0,5<\/td>\n625,0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    South-eastern<\/strong><\/td>\nGlacial loam; sands and clays of paleogene; Cretaceous of the Upper Cretaceous<\/td>\n0,8<\/td>\n7,7<\/td>\n1,2<\/td>\n513,6<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

    \u0421<\/em>omposed by the autors<\/em><\/p>\n

    The western region is also located on the Central Russian Upland.\u00a0 Among the relief-forming rocks, sands, clays, and loams of Paleogene, Cretaceous, and Upper Cretaceous marls predominate (Fig.\u00a0 3).<\/p>\n

    The presence of carbonate rocks among the relief-forming species requires additional protection of the base of the landfill.\u00a0 The area has a relatively dense hydrographic network.\u00a0 The river valleys have significant incisions and a width of up to 2\u00a0km, they are well developed and slightly asymmetric.\u00a0 The main basis of erosion for the area is river Don, which leads to a very high dissection of the relief by ravines and beams.<\/p>\n

    In the north of the district – in the river Maiden, where sands of Cenomanian and Albian age lie close to the surface, the beams are deep, their width is on average 40\u201350\u00a0m.\u00a0 The beams along the Potudan and Tikhaya Sosna rivers formed in Cretaceous rocks have a short length and a circus shape.\u00a0 In the south of the district, the beams are well formed, with a wide bottom.\u00a0 In addition to fluvial processes, Cretaceous karst is active.\u00a0 Leached chernozems, typical and ordinary, are prevalent in the region.<\/p>\n

    The southern region is also located on the Central Russian Upland.\u00a0 The relief of the area is a strongly dissected wavy plain.\u00a0 Often there are remnant watersheds composed of paleogene rocks.\u00a0 River valleys are relatively wide.<\/p>\n

    The density of the beam network in the region on average is 0.\u00a09 km\u202f\/\u202fkm2<\/sup>, rarely up to 1.\u00a02 km\u202f\/\u202fkm2<\/sup>.\u00a0 The density of ravines is up to 1.\u00a04 km\u202f\/\u202fkm2.\u00a0 Beams are usually wide, with a bottom of up to 100\u2013200 m, numerous landslides on the slopes.\u00a0 Permanent watercourses formed due to drainage of the upper aquifer are found in the lower reaches of the beams.\u00a0 Among the relief-forming rocks, water-permeable shallow-marl rocks of the Upper Cretaceous prevail here (Fig.\u00a0 4).<\/p>\n

    \"\"<\/p>\n

    Fig.\u00a0 3.\u00a0 <\/strong>Geological section along the line 1-1<\/p>\n

    Deposits: 1 \u2013 Quaternary alluvial sands and clays; 2 \u2013 Quaternary ancient alluvial sands and clays; 3 \u2013 Quaternary deluvial and glacial loams; 4 \u2013 Neogene deposits in karst \u2013 clays and sands; 5 \u2013 paleogene clays; 6 \u2013 Upper Cretaceous Cretaceous deposits of the Turonian stage; 7\u00a0\u2013 Upper Lower Cretaceous Cenomanian\u2013Albian sands; 8 \u2013 Lower Cretaceous Apt\u2013Neocomian clays and sands; 9 \u2013 Upper Jurassic clays<\/em><\/p>\n

    \u0421<\/em>omposed by the autors<\/em><\/p>\n

    \"\"<\/strong><\/p>\n

    Fig.\u00a0 4.\u00a0 <\/strong>Geological section along the line 2-2<\/p>\n

    Deposits: 1 \u2013 Quaternary alluvial sands and clays; 2 \u2013 Quaternary ancient alluvial sands and clays; 3 \u2013 Quaternary loams; 4 \u2013 paleogene clays; 5 \u2013 Upper Cretaceous Santonian marls; 6 \u2013 Upper Cretaceous Turonian Cretaceous; 7 \u2013 Lower Cretaceous Cenomanian\u2013Albian sands; 8 \u2013 Middle Carboniferous Verea clays and sands; 9 \u2013 Lower Carboniferous Ozersko\u2013Khovans limestones, clays and sands; 10 \u2013 Middle Upper Devonian clays and sandstones<\/em><\/p>\n

    \u0421<\/em>omposed by the autors<\/em><\/p>\n

    On the watersheds, these rocks are covered by Paleogene deposits – glauconite sands, clays.\u00a0 Among Quaternary sediments clay loam mantle of eluvial origin are common; deluvial loams are developed along the slopes of the beams.\u00a0 Just like the previous ones, this area is characterized by a considerable density of ravine-girder network and the development of karst.\u00a0 Among the soils, chernozems predominate \u2014 ordinary, southern, leached.\u00a0 The annual precipitation is relatively small, which reduces the amount of filtrate formed at the landfills.<\/p>\n

    A significant part of the central region is occupied by the river valleys of the Don and Voronezh with large floodplains and terraces composed of ancient alluvial sands of the Quaternary age.\u00a0 The width of the river valleys is 3-6 km, the density of the beam network is not more than 0.\u00a05\u20130.\u00a06 km\u202f\/\u202fkm2<\/sup>.\u00a0 Gullies distributed rarely, their density is up to 0.\u00a03 km\u202f\/\u202fkm2<\/sup>.\u00a0 In addition to ravines and gullies, there are sandy mounds of aeolian and water-accumulative origin, as well as basins, traces of ancient river channels.\u00a0 Although loamy rocks are attached to the sands in the geological structure in the eastern part of the region, generally well-permeable rocks predominate, which requires increased protection of the base and walls of the landfill from penetration of the filtrate, which will inevitably lead to pollution of groundwater.\u00a0 The area is well humidified and has a humidification coefficient of 1.\u00a004.\u00a0 The soils are represented mainly by leached chernozems – typical, ordinary.<\/p>\n

    The northeastern region is confined to the Oka-Don lowland with flat watersheds, a weakly incised ravine-gully (less than 0.\u00a05 km\u202f\/\u202fkm2<\/sup>) network and fairly wide, well-developed river valleys.\u00a0 Absolute elevations of the watersheds are up to 170 m.\u00a0 A gentle relief favors the construction of landfills, and among the relief-forming rocks glacial Quaternary loams with a thickness of more than 20 m prevail, which well protect groundwater from the filtrate from them (Fig.\u00a0 5).\u00a0 The region is dominated by chernozems and meadow chernozem soils.<\/p>\n

    In the Northeast region, the region has the lowest rainfall infiltration rates to the groundwater level of 2.\u00a04%.\u00a0 At the same time, in many parts of the area close to the surface there is a water rush, waterlogging of lands and suffusion are observed.\u00a0 In the spring, the overhead connects to surface waters and can be contaminated with leachate from landfills.\u00a0 Therefore, it is important in this area to protect accumulated waste from contact with snowmelt.\u00a0 For this, it is possible to recommend the construction of protective shafts around the landfill.\u00a0 When placing the landfill, waterlogged areas and suffusion saucers should be avoided.<\/p>\n

    The suitability of beams for the construction of landfills depends on the composition of the relief-forming rocks: in river valleys, where dense glacial loams are eroded, the beams have a considerable width and gentle slopes composed of loose rocks.\u00a0 There are also beams formed in glacial loams, their width is smaller, they have outlets of groundwater.\u00a0 If there are no underground water outlets in the beam, then the MSW landfill can also be located in it.<\/p>\n

    The southeastern region is located on the Kalach Upland.\u00a0 Among the relief-forming rocks, glacial loams, sands and clays of the Paleogene, chalk of the Turonian layer and marl of Santon dominate.\u00a0 The elevation is significant, the ravine-beam network is dense.\u00a0 The Kalach Upland is a plain strongly divided by ravines and gullies.\u00a0 The rivers have a high floodplain with a deeply embedded channel and left-bank terraces up to a kilometer wide.\u00a0 The average density of the beam network is 1.\u00a02\u00a0km\u202f\/\u202fkm2<\/sup>, (ravine up to 2 km\u202f\/\u202fkm2<\/sup>).\u00a0 Beams are mainly short, with steep slopes.\u00a0 The watersheds, as in the Southern region, are often remnants, in this case arising from karst processes occurring simultaneously with the fluvial ones.\u00a0 Among the soils, leached chernozems, typical, ordinary, are common.\u00a0 The most favorable conditions for the placement of landfills are on the watersheds of the area, where Paleogene clays act like a\u00a0 protective screen.\u00a0 A small annual amount of precipitation in the area contributes to a reduced formation of leachate at landfills.<\/p>\n

    \"\"<\/p>\n

    Fig.\u00a0 5.\u00a0<\/strong> Geological section along the line 3-3.<\/p>\n

    Deposits: 1 \u2013 Quaternary integumentary loams; 2 \u2013 Quaternary alluvial sands and clays; 3 \u2013 Quaternary ancient alluvial sands and clays; 4 \u2013 Neogene sands and clays of the Krivoborsky suite; 5 \u2013 Neogene sands and clays of the Ottoman Formation; 6 \u2013 Lower Cretaceous sands and clays of apt\u2013neocom; 7 \u2013 Upper Devonian clays<\/em><\/p>\n

    \u0421<\/em>omposed by the autors<\/em><\/p>\n

    In general, between the selected areas there is a significant similarity of climate.\u00a0 The main differences in relief are observed between the Northeast and other areas.\u00a0 According to the peculiarities of the geological structure, significant similarities are observed between the Western, Southern and Southeastern regions located on the Central Russian and Kalach Uplands, which differ significantly from the Central and Northeast regions.<\/p>\n

    The territorial distribution of MSW landfills, taking into account the natural landscape zoning in the Voronezh region, is presented in Fig.\u00a0 6.<\/p>\n

    \"\"<\/p>\n

    Fig.\u00a0 6.\u00a0<\/strong> Location of MSW landfills in selected natural landscape areas of the Voronezh region<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n
    \"\"<\/td>\nNorth-West region<\/td>\n\"\"<\/td>\nWest region<\/td>\n\"\"<\/td>\nSouth region<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    \"\"<\/td>\nCentral region<\/td>\n\"\"<\/td>\n\u0421\u0435\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043e\u00a0 North-East region<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    \"\"<\/td>\nSouth-East region<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

    \u0421<\/em>omposed by the autors<\/em><\/p>\n

    The tendency for the placement of MSW landfills on the territory of the Voronezh region suggests an increase in their number in geoecologically unfavorable areas of the Voronezh region.<\/p>\n

    Conclusions<\/strong><\/p>\n

    Most of the landfills are located within the central and western geo-ecological regions.\u00a0 The underlying rocks of these territories are characterized by the predominance of sand and chalk deposits.\u00a0 Landfill construction in these areas should include mandatory and priority measures to protect underlying rocks and groundwater from leachate infiltration.\u00a0 Planning for the location of long-term waste storage facilities should take into account the likelihood of karst processes.<\/p>\n

    The most suitable for the construction of polygons relief-forming rocks have a northeast natural landscape region.\u00a0 Groundwater is protected here by loamy and clayey rocks, however, there is a risk of waterlogging of the land and the development of suffusion processes, which must be taken into account first of all when choosing the location of the MSW landfill and taking appropriate environmental measures at the operating facilities.<\/p>\n

    An environmental monitoring system in the landfill sites should be built taking into account the natural landscape zoning and the priority of potentially dangerous geo-ecological conditions.<\/p>\n

    So, in areas with unprotected groundwaters (western and central regions), the priority direction of monitoring is monitoring the status of groundwater, as well as the processes of filtrate penetration into groundwater.\u00a0 In the eastern regions, the priority direction of monitoring should be the control of territory pollution by the surface runoff of the landfill.\u00a0 Monitoring the state of atmospheric air at the landfill and within its sanitary protection zone is especially necessary in the northwestern and western regions in connection with the movement of a large volume of air masses in the direction of densely populated areas.<\/p>\n

    The results of the studies are recommended for use to optimize territorial planning and environmental policy in the processes of forming a resource-saving waste management system in the territory of the Voronezh region.<\/p>\n

    REFERENCES<\/strong><\/p>\n

      \n
    1. The state register of waste disposal facilities in the territory of the Voronezh region.\u00a0 URL: https:\/\/uoit.\u00a0fsrpn.\u00a0ru\/groro?search= Voronezh%20region \u2013 date of access: 15.\u00a001.\u00a02020.<\/li>\n
    2. Regional waste inventory of the Voronezh region.\u00a0 URL: http:\/\/36.\u00a0rpn.\u00a0gov.\u00a0ru\/node\/856 – date of access: 07.\u00a002.\u00a02020.<\/li>\n
    3. The site of the Voronezh Center for Hydrometeorology and Environmental Monitoring.\u00a0 URL: http:\/\/www.\u00a0meteorf.\u00a0ru\/about\/structure\/cgms\/3175\/ \u2013 date of access: 20.\u00a002.\u00a02020.<\/li>\n
    4. The site of the Territorial Center for State Monitoring of the Geological Environment and Water Objects of the Voronezh Region “Voronezh-Geomonitoring”, a branch of JSC “Geocenter-Moscow” URL: http:\/\/centralpgo.\u00a0rosgeo.\u00a0com\/en\/# \u2013 date of access: 21.\u00a002.\u00a02020.<\/li>\n
    5. Smolyaninov V.\u00a0 M.\u00a0 Underground waters of the Central Black Earth region: conditions for their formation, use: monograph \/ V.\u00a0 M.\u00a0 Smolyaninov.\u00a0 Voronezh: Sources, 2003.\u00a0 250 p.<\/li>\n
    6. Milkov F.\u00a0 N.\u00a0 Kalach Upland (Experience of landscape-typological characteristics) \/ F.\u00a0N.\u00a0 Milkov, N.\u00a0I.\u00a0 Akhtyrtseva, B.\u00a0P.\u00a0 Akhtyrtsev \/ Voronezh.\u00a0 state un-t Voronezh, 1972.\u00a0 180 p.<\/li>\n
    7. Milkov F.\u00a0N.\u00a0 Geography of the Voronezh region \/ F.\u00a0N.\u00a0 Milkov, V.\u00a0B.\u00a0 Mikhno, Yu.\u00a0V.\u00a0 Porosenkov.\u00a0 Voronezh, 1994 130 p.<\/li>\n
    8. Ovchinnikova T.\u00a0V.\u00a0, Kosinova I.\u00a0I.\u00a0, Smolyaninov V.\u00a0M.\u00a0, Galkin A.\u00a0N.\u00a0, Ashikhmina T.\u00a0V.\u00a0 Ecological and geodynamic characteristics of the territory of the Central Black Earth region \/\/ Bulletin of Voronezh State University.\u00a0 Series: Geology.\u00a0 2019.\u00a0No\u00a03.\u00a0, P.\u00a0\u00a0104\u2013110<\/li>\n
    9. Smolyaninov V.\u00a0M.\u00a0, Ovchinnikova T.\u00a0V.\u00a0 Geographic approaches in land management planning in regions with intensive development of natural and technological emergencies: monograph \/ V.\u00a0M.\u00a0 Smolyaninov, T.\u00a0V.\u00a0 Ovchinnikov.\u00a0 Voronezh: publishing house “Sources”, 2010.\u00a0 230 p.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

      JOURNAL: \u00ab GEOPOLITICS AND ECOGEODYNAMICS OF REGIONS\u00bb \u00a0Volume 6 (16) issue 2, 2020 Section\u00a0 2. Practical issues of geopolitics and ecogeodynamics Publication text (PDF):\u00a0Download UDK: 911.6 AUTHOR AND PUBLICATION INFORMATION AUTHORS: T.\u00a0V.\u00a0 Ashikhmina, Voronezh State Technical University, Voronezh, Russian Federation T.\u00a0V.\u00a0 Ovchinnikova, Voronezh State Technical University, Voronezh, Russian Federation P.\u00a0S.\u00a0 Kuprienko, Voronezh State Technical University, […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":13,"featured_media":0,"parent":1635,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-1678","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"translation":{"provider":"WPGlobus","version":"3.0.0","language":"en","enabled_languages":["ru","en"],"languages":{"ru":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"en":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false}}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/geopolitika.cfuv.ru\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1678","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/geopolitika.cfuv.ru\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/geopolitika.cfuv.ru\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/geopolitika.cfuv.ru\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/13"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/geopolitika.cfuv.ru\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1678"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/geopolitika.cfuv.ru\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1678\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1695,"href":"https:\/\/geopolitika.cfuv.ru\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1678\/revisions\/1695"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/geopolitika.cfuv.ru\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1635"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/geopolitika.cfuv.ru\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1678"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}