{"id":2606,"date":"2022-12-14T11:47:11","date_gmt":"2022-12-14T08:47:11","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/geopolitika.cfuv.ru\/?page_id=2606"},"modified":"2022-12-14T11:47:11","modified_gmt":"2022-12-14T08:47:11","slug":"%d0%b2%d0%be%d0%bf%d1%80%d0%be%d1%81%d1%8b-%d0%be%d1%86%d0%b5%d0%bd%d0%ba%d0%b8-%d0%bf%d0%bb%d0%be%d1%89%d0%b0%d0%b4%d0%b8-%d1%80%d0%b0%d1%81%d1%82%d0%b8%d1%82%d0%b5%d0%bb%d1%8c%d0%bd%d0%be%d0%b3","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/geopolitika.cfuv.ru\/en\/%d0%b2%d0%be%d0%bf%d1%80%d0%be%d1%81%d1%8b-%d0%be%d1%86%d0%b5%d0%bd%d0%ba%d0%b8-%d0%bf%d0%bb%d0%be%d1%89%d0%b0%d0%b4%d0%b8-%d1%80%d0%b0%d1%81%d1%82%d0%b8%d1%82%d0%b5%d0%bb%d1%8c%d0%bd%d0%be%d0%b3\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0412\u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u044b \u043e\u0446\u0435\u043d\u043a\u0438 \u043f\u043b\u043e\u0449\u0430\u0434\u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430 \u043d\u0430 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\u0440\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438. \u041f\u0443\u0442\u0435\u043c \u043a\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043e\u0446\u0435\u043d\u043a\u0438 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044f \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u0431\u044b\u0442\u044c \u043e\u0441\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d \u043c\u043e\u043d\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0433 \u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 [2], \u0430 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0436\u0435 \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0432\u044b\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0443\u0440\u043e\u0436\u0430\u044f [3]. \u0427\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0440\u043e\u0432 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u0431\u044b\u0442\u044c \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043e\u0446\u0435\u043d\u043a\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0441\u043e\u0432, \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0441\u0445\u043e\u0434\u044f\u0449\u0438\u0445 \u043d\u0430 \u0437\u0435\u043c\u043b\u0435 [4,5,6,7], \u0430 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0436\u0435 \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u0438 \u0430\u043d\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043f\u043e\u0433\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0434\u0435\u044f\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0441 \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c \u043e\u043a\u0440\u0443\u0436\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0439 \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u044b [8,9,10]. \u0418\u0437\u0432\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043d\u044b \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043b\u0438\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0430\u043b\u0433\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0442\u043c\u044b \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043e\u0446\u0435\u043d\u043a\u0438 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430, \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0430\u043b\u0433\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0442\u043c\u044b \u043e\u0446\u0435\u043d\u043a\u0438 \u043e\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0435\u043e\u0431\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0441 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c \u043c\u0430\u043a\u0441\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0438 \u043c\u0438\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0432\u0435\u0433\u0435\u0442\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0438\u043d\u0434\u0435\u043a\u0441\u043e\u0432 [11], \u0430\u043b\u0433\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0442\u043c\u044b \u0441\u043f\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u043c\u0435\u0441\u0438 [12], \u0430\u043b\u0433\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0442\u043c\u044b \u0441\u043f\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043e\u0431\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0435\u043c\u043e\u0439 \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 [13], \u0430\u043b\u0433\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0442\u043c\u044b \u043d\u0430 \u0431\u0430\u0437\u0435 \u0444\u0438\u0437\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u043c\u043e\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0439 [14] \u0438 \u0434\u0440. \u041e\u0441\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0435 \u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043e \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0438 \u0432\u044b\u0448\u0435\u0443\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0430\u043b\u0433\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0442\u043c\u043e\u0432 \u0437\u0430\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0430\u044f \u0433\u0440\u0443\u043f\u043f\u0430 \u0430\u043b\u0433\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0442\u043c\u043e\u0432, \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043d\u0430 \u043e\u0446\u0435\u043d\u043a\u0430\u0445 \u0432\u0435\u0433\u0435\u0442\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0438\u043d\u0434\u0435\u043a\u0441\u043e\u0432. \u041d\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043d\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0441\u043c\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0438\u043c \u044d\u0442\u0438 \u0430\u043b\u0433\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0442\u043c\u044b.<\/p>\n<p>\u0427\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0432\u0435\u0433\u0435\u0442\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0440\u043e\u0432, \u0432\u044b\u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u044f\u0435\u043c\u044b\u0439 \u043d\u0430 \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0435 \u0438\u043d\u0434\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0430 \u043b\u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0445\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 (LAI), \u043e\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044f\u0435\u043c\u044b\u0439 \u043a\u0430\u043a [15];<\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>= 1 \u2212 (\u2212 \u2219 )<\/td>\n<td>(1)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"2\">1<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>78<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><em>\u0412\u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u044b \u043e\u0446\u0435\u043d\u043a\u0438 \u043f\u043b\u043e\u0449\u0430\u0434\u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u0434\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u043e \u0437\u043e\u043d\u0434\u0438\u0440\u0443\u0435\u043c\u044b\u0445 \u0443\u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043a\u0430\u0445<\/em><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1142\" height=\"1\" class=\"wp-image-2613\" src=\"http:\/\/geopolitika.cfuv.ru\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/word-image-2606-1-1.png\" srcset=\"https:\/\/geopolitika.cfuv.ru\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/word-image-2606-1-1.png 1142w, https:\/\/geopolitika.cfuv.ru\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/word-image-2606-1-1-150x1.png 150w, https:\/\/geopolitika.cfuv.ru\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/word-image-2606-1-1-300x1.png 300w, https:\/\/geopolitika.cfuv.ru\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/word-image-2606-1-1-768x1.png 768w, https:\/\/geopolitika.cfuv.ru\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/word-image-2606-1-1-1024x1.png 1024w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1142px) 100vw, 1142px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u0433\u0434\u0435: <em>fc \u2013<\/em> \u043e\u0431\u043e\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430; <em>kp<\/em> \u2013 \u043a\u043e\u044d\u0444\u0444\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0435\u043d\u0442 \u043e\u0441\u043b\u0430\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f;<\/p>\n<p>\u0427\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0432\u0435\u0433\u0435\u0442\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0440\u043e\u0432, \u0432\u044b\u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u044f\u0435\u043c\u044b\u0439 \u043d\u0430 \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0435 \u043d\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0438\u043d\u0434\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0430 [16]:<\/p>\n<p>\u2212<\/p>\n<p><sup>=<\/sup><\/p>\n<p>(2)<\/p>\n<p>\u0427\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0432\u0435\u0433\u0435\u0442\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0440\u043e\u0432, \u0432\u044b\u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u044f\u0435\u043c\u044b\u0439 \u043a\u0432\u0430\u0434\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0447\u043d\u043e \u043f\u043e<\/p>\n<p>\u043e\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044e <sub>2 <\/sub>[17].<\/p>\n<p><sup>= (<\/sup> \u2212 <sup>)2<\/sup><\/p>\n<p>3 <sub>\u221e\u2212 <\/sub><\/p>\n<p>(3)<\/p>\n<p>\u0412 \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0443\u043b\u0430\u0445 (2) \u0438 (3) \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u044f\u0442\u044b:<\/p>\n<p>\u2013 \u0442\u0435\u043a\u0443\u0449\u0430\u044f \u0432\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0438\u043d\u0430 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0438\u043d\u0434\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0430;<\/p>\n<p>\u2013 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0438\u043d\u0434\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0430 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043d\u0435\u0437\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0448\u0435\u0439 \u043f\u043e\u0447\u0432\u044b <sub>\u221e <\/sub>&#8211; \u043c\u0430\u043a\u0441\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0438\u043d\u0434\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0430.<\/p>\n<p>\u0412\u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0435 \u0441 \u0442\u0435\u043c, \u0438\u0437\u0432\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u044d\u0444\u0444\u0435\u043a\u0442 \u043d\u0430\u0441\u044b\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f <em>NDVI<\/em> \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u0443\u0432\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 <em>LAI<\/em> \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0435\u043b\u043e \u043a \u043d\u0435\u043e\u0431\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u043a\u043e\u0440\u0440\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0438 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f <em>NDVI<\/em> \u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0438\u043c \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043e\u043c [18].<\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><sub>\u043a <\/sub>= <sub>\u221e<\/sub> + ( \u2212 <sub>\u221e<\/sub>) \u2219 [\u2212 ]<\/td>\n<td>(4)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0443\u0447\u0435\u0442\u043e\u043c (2) \u0438 (4) \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0435\u043c, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043a\u043e\u0440\u0440\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0440\u0443\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043d\u0435 \u0442\u0435\u043a\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0435 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435, \u0430 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u2212 <sub>\u221e<\/sub>, \u0442.\u0435. \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u043e \u0448\u0438\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0434\u0438\u0430\u043f\u0430\u0437\u043e\u043d \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f . \u041a\u0430\u043a \u043d\u0430\u043c \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f, \u0438\u043c\u0435\u0435\u0442 \u0441\u043c\u044b\u0441\u043b \u043a\u043e\u0440\u0440\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c ( \u2212 <sub>\u221e<\/sub>), \u0430 \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u0442\u0435\u043a\u0443\u0449\u0443\u044e \u0432\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0438\u043d\u0443 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0438\u043d\u0434\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0430, \u0442.\u0435. <sub>\u0442<\/sub>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>\u041f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043b\u0430\u0433\u0430\u0435\u043c\u044b\u0439 \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0443\u0447\u0435\u0442\u043e\u043c \u0432\u044b\u0448\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043b\u0430\u0433\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043d\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0435 \u043e\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0440\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430, \u043f\u043e \u0441\u0443\u0442\u0438 \u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0449\u0443\u044e\u0441\u044f \u0441\u043a\u043e\u0440\u0440\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0432\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0438\u043d\u043e\u0439 <sub>\u0442<\/sub>.<\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>=\u2219<\/td>\n<td>=\u2219 [1 \u2212 [\u2212 \u2219 ]]<\/td>\n<td>(5)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>4<\/td>\n<td colspan=\"2\">1<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u0412\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043c \u043d\u0430 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0441\u043c\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043e\u043f\u0442\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0437\u0438\u0440\u0443\u0435\u043c\u0443\u044e \u0444\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0446\u0438\u044e \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u0438 \u0438 <sub>\u0442<\/sub>, \u0442.\u0435.<\/p>\n<p>= ( <sub>\u0442<\/sub>) , (6)<\/p>\n<p>\u0414\u0430\u043b\u0435\u0435, \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0441\u043c\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0438\u043c \u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0439 \u0444\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0430\u043b, \u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0439\u0441\u044f \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043b\u0430\u0433\u0430\u0435\u043c\u044b\u043c \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u043c \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043c \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430 <sub>1<\/sub><\/p>\n<p>1 = \u222b [1 \u2212 [\u2212 ( \u0442)]]<\/p>\n<p><sub>0<\/sub><\/p>\n<p>(7)<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u043e\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u0444\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0438( ) \u0432\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043c \u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0435 \u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0435<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0443\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0435<\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"2\"><\/td>\n<td colspan=\"2\" rowspan=\"2\">( )<sub>\u0442<\/sub><\/td>\n<td rowspan=\"2\">= , =<\/td>\n<td rowspan=\"2\">(8)<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><sup>\u222b<\/sup><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td rowspan=\"2\">\u0433\u0434\u0435:<\/td>\n<td colspan=\"2\">0<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>= 1;<\/td>\n<td>= 0.<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>(9)<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td colspan=\"2\">0<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><em>\u2013<\/em> \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c, \u0445\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0437\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0439 \u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0443\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0435, \u043d\u0430\u043b\u0430\u0433\u0430\u0435\u043c\u043e\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u0438\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043c\u044b\u0439 \u043e\u043f\u0442\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0432\u0438\u0434 \u0444\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0438 (6).<\/p>\n<p><em>\u0410\u043b\u0438\u0435\u0432\u0430 \u0410. \u0414\u0436.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1142\" height=\"1\" class=\"wp-image-2614\" src=\"http:\/\/geopolitika.cfuv.ru\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/word-image-2606-2-1.png\" srcset=\"https:\/\/geopolitika.cfuv.ru\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/word-image-2606-2-1.png 1142w, https:\/\/geopolitika.cfuv.ru\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/word-image-2606-2-1-150x1.png 150w, https:\/\/geopolitika.cfuv.ru\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/word-image-2606-2-1-300x1.png 300w, https:\/\/geopolitika.cfuv.ru\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/word-image-2606-2-1-768x1.png 768w, https:\/\/geopolitika.cfuv.ru\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/word-image-2606-2-1-1024x1.png 1024w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1142px) 100vw, 1142px\" \/><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0443\u0447\u0435\u0442\u043e\u043c (7) \u0438 (8) \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043c \u0437\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0447\u0443 \u043e\u043f\u0442\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438, \u0437\u0430\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0443\u044e\u0441\u044f \u043f\u043e \u0441\u0443\u0442\u0438 \u0432 \u0432\u044b\u0431\u043e\u0440\u0435 \u043d\u0430\u0438\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0448\u0435\u0439 \u0444\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u0438 \u0432 \u0441\u043c\u044b\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043c\u0430\u043a\u0441\u0438\u043c\u0443\u043c\u0430 \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044f \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430 <sub>1<\/sub><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><sub>1 <\/sub>= \u222b<sub>0<\/sub><sup>1<\/sup> [1 \u2212 [\u2212 ( <sub>\u0442<\/sub>)]] \u2212 [\u222b<sub>0<\/sub><sup>1<\/sup> ( ) \u2212 \u0421]<\/p>\n<p>(10)<\/p>\n<p>\u0433\u0434\u0435: <em>\u03bb \u2013<\/em> \u043c\u043d\u043e\u0436\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c \u041b\u0430\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0436\u0430.<\/p>\n<p>\u0412\u044b\u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u0438\u043c \u043e\u043f\u0442\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0443\u044e \u0444\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0446\u0438\u044e \u043a\u043e\u0440\u0440\u0435\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0438<\/p>\n<p>= ( )<\/p>\n<p>\u0421\u043e\u0433\u043b\u0430\u0441\u043d\u043e [19], \u0440\u0435\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043e\u043f\u0442\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0437\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0447\u0438 (10) \u0434\u043e\u043b\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0443\u0434\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0442\u044c<\/p>\n<p>\u0443\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u044e<\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"2\">{ [1\u2212 [\u2212 ( )]]\u2212 \u2219 ( )}<\/td>\n<td rowspan=\"2\">= 0<\/td>\n<td rowspan=\"2\">(11)<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td rowspan=\"2\">( )<\/td>\n<td rowspan=\"2\"><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u0418\u0437 \u0432\u044b\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f (11) \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0435\u043c:<\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\u2219 \u2219 [\u2212 ( )] \u2212 = 0<\/td>\n<td>(12)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u0418\u0437 \u0432\u044b\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f (12) \u043d\u0430\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043c:<\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td rowspan=\"2\"><\/td>\n<td rowspan=\"2\">( )<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td rowspan=\"2\">=<\/td>\n<td>1<\/td>\n<td rowspan=\"2\">[<\/td>\n<td>\u2219<\/td>\n<td rowspan=\"2\">]<\/td>\n<td rowspan=\"2\">(13)<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td rowspan=\"2\"><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td rowspan=\"2\"><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td colspan=\"2\" rowspan=\"2\"><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u0414\u043b\u044f \u0432\u044b\u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043c\u043d\u043e\u0436\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044f \u041b\u0430\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0436\u0430 \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u043e \u0432\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442\u044c ( ) \u043f\u043e\u0434 \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043b \u0432 \u0432\u044b\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438 (8) \u0438 \u043e\u0441\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u0432 \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0433\u0440\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043e\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0432\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0438\u043d\u0443 <em>\u03bb.<\/em> \u041d\u0435 \u0432\u0434\u0430\u0432\u0430\u044f\u0441\u044c \u043c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u0434\u0435\u0442\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u0442 \u043e\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438, \u043e\u0431\u043e\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0438\u043c \u0432\u044b\u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043c\u043d\u043e\u0436\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044f \u041b\u0430\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0436\u0430 \u043a\u0430\u043a <em>\u03bb0.<\/em><\/p>\n<p>\u0422\u0430\u043a\u0438\u043c \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043e\u043c, \u0440\u0435\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043e\u043f\u0442\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0437\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0447\u0438 (10) \u0438\u043c\u0435\u0435\u0442 \u0432\u0438\u0434<\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td rowspan=\"2\"><\/td>\n<td rowspan=\"2\">( )<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td rowspan=\"2\">=<\/td>\n<td>1<\/td>\n<td rowspan=\"2\">[<\/td>\n<td>\u2219<\/td>\n<td rowspan=\"2\">]<\/td>\n<td rowspan=\"2\">(14)<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td rowspan=\"2\"><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td rowspan=\"2\"><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td colspan=\"2\" rowspan=\"2\"><sub>0<\/sub><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u041b\u0435\u0433\u043a\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0442\u044c, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u0440\u0435\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438 (14) \u0444\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0430\u043b (10) \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0433\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043c\u0430\u043a\u0441\u0438\u043c\u0443\u043c\u0430 \u0442.\u043a. \u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430\u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0432\u043e\u0434\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0442\u0430 \u0432 (10) \u043f\u043e \u0438\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0439 \u0444\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043e\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0446\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0432\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0438\u043d\u043e\u0439. \u0421 \u0443\u0447\u0435\u0442\u043e\u043c (1) \u0438 (14) \u0432\u044b\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0434\u043b\u044f <sub>1<\/sub>\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0435\u0442\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0439 \u0432\u0438\u0434<\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td rowspan=\"2\">=1\u2212 [\u2212<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td rowspan=\"2\">[<\/td>\n<td>\u2219<\/td>\n<td rowspan=\"2\">]=1\u2212[<\/td>\n<td><sub>0<\/sub><\/td>\n<td rowspan=\"2\">]]<\/td>\n<td rowspan=\"2\">(15)<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>1<\/td>\n<td rowspan=\"2\"><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td colspan=\"2\" rowspan=\"2\"><sub>0<\/sub><\/td>\n<td colspan=\"2\" rowspan=\"2\">\u2219<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u0421\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e, \u0432\u043d\u043e\u0432\u044c \u0432\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c <sub>4 <\/sub>\u043e\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043a\u0430\u043a<\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td rowspan=\"2\"><\/td>\n<td rowspan=\"2\">=\u2219[1\u2212<\/td>\n<td><sub>0<\/sub><\/td>\n<td rowspan=\"2\">] =\u2212<\/td>\n<td><sub>0<\/sub><\/td>\n<td rowspan=\"2\">(16)<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>4<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td rowspan=\"2\">\u2219<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td rowspan=\"2\"><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u041d\u0430 \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0435 \u0432\u044b\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439 (2) \u0438 (16) \u043e\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0438\u043c \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u044c \u043c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443 \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044f\u043c\u0438 <sub>2<\/sub>\u0438<\/p>\n<p><sub>4<\/sub><sup>.<\/sup><\/p>\n<p>\u0418\u0437 (16) \u043d\u0430\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043c<\/p>\n<p>= 4+ <sup>0<\/sup><\/p>\n<p>(17)<\/p>\n<p>\u0418\u0437 (2) \u043d\u0430\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043c<\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>= ( <sub>\u221e<\/sub> \u2212) +<\/td>\n<td>(18)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>2<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u0418\u0437 \u0432\u044b\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439 (17) \u0438 (18) \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0435\u043c<\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td rowspan=\"2\"><\/td>\n<td rowspan=\"2\">+<\/td>\n<td colspan=\"3\" rowspan=\"2\">(<\/td>\n<td colspan=\"2\" rowspan=\"2\">\u2212<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td rowspan=\"2\">)=\u2212(<\/td>\n<td><sub>0<\/sub><\/td>\n<td rowspan=\"2\">+<\/td>\n<td rowspan=\"2\">)<\/td>\n<td rowspan=\"2\">(19)<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td rowspan=\"2\"><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><sub>4<\/sub><\/td>\n<td><sub>2<\/sub><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>\u221e<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td colspan=\"2\"><sub>1<\/sub><\/td>\n<td>\u2219<\/td>\n<td colspan=\"2\">+ <sub>2<\/sub><\/td>\n<td colspan=\"4\">\u2219 = 1<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>(20)<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>4<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>2<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><em>\u0412\u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u044b \u043e\u0446\u0435\u043d\u043a\u0438 \u043f\u043b\u043e\u0449\u0430\u0434\u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u0434\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u043e \u0437\u043e\u043d\u0434\u0438\u0440\u0443\u0435\u043c\u044b\u0445 \u0443\u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043a\u0430\u0445<\/em><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1142\" height=\"1\" class=\"wp-image-2615\" src=\"http:\/\/geopolitika.cfuv.ru\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/word-image-2606-3-1.png\" srcset=\"https:\/\/geopolitika.cfuv.ru\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/word-image-2606-3-1.png 1142w, https:\/\/geopolitika.cfuv.ru\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/word-image-2606-3-1-150x1.png 150w, https:\/\/geopolitika.cfuv.ru\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/word-image-2606-3-1-300x1.png 300w, https:\/\/geopolitika.cfuv.ru\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/word-image-2606-3-1-768x1.png 768w, https:\/\/geopolitika.cfuv.ru\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/word-image-2606-3-1-1024x1.png 1024w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1142px) 100vw, 1142px\" \/><\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td colspan=\"2\" rowspan=\"3\">\u0433\u0434\u0435<\/td>\n<td colspan=\"3\" rowspan=\"4\"><sub>1 <\/sub>=<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td colspan=\"3\">\u22121<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td rowspan=\"3\">(21)<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td colspan=\"2\"><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td colspan=\"3\"><sub>0<\/sub><\/td>\n<td colspan=\"3\" rowspan=\"2\">+<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td colspan=\"2\"><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td colspan=\"3\" rowspan=\"2\"><\/td>\n<td colspan=\"3\"><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td rowspan=\"2\"><sub>2<\/sub><\/td>\n<td rowspan=\"2\">=<\/td>\n<td colspan=\"8\"><sub>\u221e<\/sub>\u2212<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td rowspan=\"2\">(22)<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td colspan=\"2\"><\/td>\n<td>0<\/td>\n<td colspan=\"3\" rowspan=\"2\">+<\/td>\n<td rowspan=\"2\"><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td colspan=\"4\" rowspan=\"2\"><\/td>\n<td colspan=\"3\"><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"14\">\u041a\u0430\u043a \u0432\u0438\u0434\u043d\u043e \u0438\u0437 \u0432\u044b\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439 (21) \u0438 (22), <sub>1<\/sub> \u0438 <sub>2<\/sub> \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043d\u043e\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044f\u0440\u043d\u044b, \u0430 \u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c <sub>1<\/sub><\/td>\n<td>\u0438 <sub>2<\/sub><\/td>\n<td colspan=\"3\">\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043d\u043e \u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0435.<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>4<\/td>\n<td>2<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td rowspan=\"2\">\u0438<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"12\">\u0410\u043d\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0447\u043d\u044b\u043c \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043e\u043c \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0432\u044b\u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0432\u0437\u0430\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u044c<\/td>\n<td>\u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u0443\u044f<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"2\" rowspan=\"2\">\u0432\u044b\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f (16) \u0438 (3).<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td colspan=\"3\">4<\/td>\n<td colspan=\"2\">3<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"2\">\u0422\u0430\u043a\u0438\u043c \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043e\u043c,<\/td>\n<td colspan=\"3\">\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043b\u0430\u0433\u0430\u0435\u043c\u044b\u0439<\/td>\n<td colspan=\"7\">\u0430\u043b\u0433\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0442\u043c \u043c\u0430\u043a\u0441\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e<\/td>\n<td colspan=\"2\">\u0443\u0447\u0435\u0442\u0430 \u044d\u0444\u0444\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0430<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u043d\u0430\u0441\u044b\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0432 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u043c \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0432\u0435\u0433\u0435\u0442\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430, \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u0437\u0430\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0435\u043c:<\/p>\n<p>\u041a\u043e\u0440\u0440\u0435\u043a\u0446\u0438\u044f \u0442\u0435\u043a\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0439 \u0432\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0438\u043d\u044b \u043f\u043e \u0432\u044b\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044e (5).<\/p>\n<p>\u0412\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0444\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u0438 \u0438<\/p>\n<p>= ( )<\/p>\n<p>\u041f\u043e\u0438\u0441\u043a \u0432\u0438\u0434\u0430 \u0441\u043a\u043e\u0440\u0440\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0444\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0439 \u0446\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u0444\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0430\u043b <sub>1<\/sub> \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0433 \u0431\u044b \u043c\u0430\u043a\u0441\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0432\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0438\u043d\u044b \u043f\u0443\u0442\u0435\u043c \u0440\u0435\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043e\u043f\u0442\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0437\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0447\u0438 (10). \u041e\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043c\u0430\u043a\u0441\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f <sub>4<\/sub> \u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u0439 <sup>\u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0435 \u0432\u0437\u0430\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u0438 <\/sup><sub>2<\/sub><sup>\u0438<\/sup> <sub>4<\/sub> <sup>.<\/sup><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0412\u044b\u0432\u043e\u0434\u044b<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u0422\u0430\u043a\u0438\u043c \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043e\u043c, \u0441\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0443\u043b\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0430 \u0438 \u0440\u0435\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u0437\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0447\u0430 \u0443\u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044f \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0432\u0435\u0433\u0435\u0442\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430, \u0441\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u0431\u0430\u0437\u0435 \u043d\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0432\u0435\u0433\u0435\u0442\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0438\u043d\u0434\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0430, \u0441 \u0443\u0447\u0435\u0442\u043e\u043c \u0438\u0437\u0432\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u044d\u0444\u0444\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0430 \u043d\u0430\u0441\u044b\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u0432\u044b\u0441\u043e\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f\u0445 . \u0412 \u043e\u0442\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0438\u0435 \u043e\u0442 \u0438\u0437\u0432\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u0443\u0447\u0435\u0442\u0430 \u0443\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043d\u0430\u0441\u044b\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u043e\u0441\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043a\u043e\u0440\u0440\u0435\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u0442\u0435\u043a\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0439 \u0432\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0438\u043d\u044b , \u0430 \u043d\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 ( <sub>\u221e<\/sub> \u2212 ). \u041d\u0430 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d \u043d\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0439 \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430 \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u0449\u0438\u0439 \u0438\u0437 \u0441\u043a\u043e\u0440\u0440\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e . \u0412\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0444\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u0438 = ( <sub>\u0442<\/sub>) \u0438 \u0434\u043e\u043f\u0443\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043e \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435 \u043e\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u0444\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0432\u043e\u043b\u0438\u043b\u043e \u0441\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0438 \u0440\u0435\u0448\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043e\u043f\u0442\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u0443\u044e \u0437\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0447\u0443 \u043f\u043e\u0438\u0441\u043a\u0430 \u043e\u043f\u0442\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0444\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0438 ( ) \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0439 \u0432\u043d\u043e\u0432\u044c \u0432\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430 \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0433\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043c\u0430\u043a\u0441\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0432\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0438\u043d\u044b. \u041f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0440\u0435\u0437\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044b \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0442 \u043e\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0432\u0437\u0430\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u044c \u0432\u043d\u043e\u0432\u044c \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0438 \u0438\u0437\u0432\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0439 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0432\u0435\u0433\u0435\u0442\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u041b\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0430<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Deardorff J. W. Efficient Prediction of Ground Surface Temperature and Moisture, with Inclusion of a Layer of Vegetation \/\/ Journal of Geophysical Research. 1978. \u2116 83. \u0440\u0440.1889-1903.<\/li>\n<li>Allen R. G., Pereira L. S. Estimating crop coefficients from fraction of ground cover and height \/\/ Irrigation Science, Springer Science+Business Media. 2009. Volume 28, Issue 1. pp. 17-34<\/li>\n<li>Casa A. de la, Ovando G., Bressanini L., Mart\u00ednez J., D\u00edaz G., Miranda C. Soybean crop coverage estimation from NDVI images with different spatial<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><em>\u0410\u043b\u0438\u0435\u0432\u0430 \u0410. \u0414\u0436.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1142\" height=\"1\" class=\"wp-image-2616\" src=\"http:\/\/geopolitika.cfuv.ru\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/word-image-2606-4-1.png\" srcset=\"https:\/\/geopolitika.cfuv.ru\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/word-image-2606-4-1.png 1142w, https:\/\/geopolitika.cfuv.ru\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/word-image-2606-4-1-150x1.png 150w, https:\/\/geopolitika.cfuv.ru\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/word-image-2606-4-1-300x1.png 300w, https:\/\/geopolitika.cfuv.ru\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/word-image-2606-4-1-768x1.png 768w, https:\/\/geopolitika.cfuv.ru\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/word-image-2606-4-1-1024x1.png 1024w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1142px) 100vw, 1142px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>resolution to evaluate yield variability in a plot. ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing. 2018. Vol.146. pp.531-547<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Foley J. A., Levis S., Costa M. H., Cramer W., Pollard D. Incorporating Dynamic Vegetation Cover within Global Climate Models \/\/ Ecological Applications. Vol. 10, \u2116. 6. 2000. pp. 1620-1632.<\/li>\n<li>Li F., Kustas W. P., Prueger J. H., Neale C. M. U., Jackson T. J. Utility of remote sensing-based two-source energy balance model under low- and high-vegetation cover conditions \/\/ Journal of Hydrometeorology. Vol. 6. 2005. pp. 878-891.<\/li>\n<li>Wang G. X., Liu G. S., Li C. J., Yang Y. The variability of soil thermal and hydrological dynamics with vegetation cover in a permafrost region \/\/ Agricultural and Forest Meteorology. Vol. 162\u2013163, 15. 2012. pp. 44-57.<\/li>\n<li>Wei X. H., Li, Q., Zhang M. F., Giles-Hansen K., Liu W. F., Fan H. B., Wang Y.,<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>Zhou G. Y., Piao S. L., Liu S. R. Vegetation cover-another dominant factor in determining global water resources in forested regions \/\/ Global Change Biology. 2018. pp. 786-795.<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Jiang M., Tian S., Zheng Z., Zhan Q., He Y. Human Activity Influences on Vegetation Cover Changes in Beijing, China, from 2000 to 2015. Remote Sens. 2017, 9(3), 271. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/rs9030271\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/rs9030271<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Tong L., Zhou J., Li X., Qian Y. T., Gao Y. S. Region-Based Structure Preserving Nonnegative Matrix Factorization for Hyperspectral Unmixing \/\/ IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing. 2017. Vol. 10, Issue: 4. pp. 1575-1588.<\/li>\n<li>Xin Z. B., Xu, J. X., Zheng W. Spatiotemporal variations of vegetation cover on the Chinese Loess Plateau (1981\u20132006): Impacts of climate changes and human activities. Science in China Series D, Earth Sciences. 2008. \u2116 51(1), pp.67-78.<\/li>\n<li>Gutman G., Ignatov A. Satellite-derived green vegetation fraction for the use in numerical weather prediction models \/\/ Advances in Space Research. 1997. Vol. 19, Issue 3. p\u0440. 477-480.<\/li>\n<li>Roberts D. A., Gardner M., Church R., Ustin S., Scheer G., Green R. O. Mapping Chaparral in the Santa Monica Mountains Using Multiple Endmember Spectral Mixture Models. 1998. Vol. 65, Issue 3. pp. 267-279 .<\/li>\n<li>Friedl M. A., McIver D. K., Hodges J. C. F., Zhang X. Y. ; Muchoney D., Strahler A. H. ; Woodcock, C. E. ; Gopal, S. ; Schneider, A. ; Cooper, A. ; Baccini, A., Gao F., Schaaf C. Global land cover mapping from MODIS: algorithms and early results<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>\/\/ Remote Sensing of Environment. 2002. vol. 83, issue 1-2. pp. 287-302.<\/p>\n<p>14. Chopping M., Su L., Rango A., Martonchik J., Peters D., Laliberte A. Remote sensing of woody shrub cover in desert grasslands using MISR with a geometric-optical canopy reflectance model \/\/ Remote Sensing of Environment. 2008 vol. 112, issue 1. pp. 19-34.<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Nilson T. A theoretical analysis of the frequency of gaps in plant stands \/\/ Agricultural Meteorology. 1971. \u2116 8. pp. 25-38.<\/li>\n<li>Qi J., Marsett R. C., Moran M. S., Goodrich D. C., et al. Spatial and temporal dynamics of vegetation in the San Pedro River basin area \/\/ Agricultural and Forest Meteorology. 2000. vol. 105, issue 1-3. pp. 55-68.<\/li>\n<li>Carlson T. N., Ripley D. A. On the relation between NDVI, fractional vegetation cover, and leaf area index. Remote Sensing of Environment. 1997. vol. 62, issue 3.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>pp. 241-252.<\/p>\n<p><em>\u0412\u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u044b \u043e\u0446\u0435\u043d\u043a\u0438 \u043f\u043b\u043e\u0449\u0430\u0434\u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u0434\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u043e \u0437\u043e\u043d\u0434\u0438\u0440\u0443\u0435\u043c\u044b\u0445 \u0443\u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043a\u0430\u0445<\/em><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1142\" height=\"1\" class=\"wp-image-2617\" src=\"http:\/\/geopolitika.cfuv.ru\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/word-image-2606-5-1.png\" srcset=\"https:\/\/geopolitika.cfuv.ru\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/word-image-2606-5-1.png 1142w, https:\/\/geopolitika.cfuv.ru\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/word-image-2606-5-1-150x1.png 150w, https:\/\/geopolitika.cfuv.ru\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/word-image-2606-5-1-300x1.png 300w, https:\/\/geopolitika.cfuv.ru\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/word-image-2606-5-1-768x1.png 768w, https:\/\/geopolitika.cfuv.ru\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/word-image-2606-5-1-1024x1.png 1024w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1142px) 100vw, 1142px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>18. Baret F., Guyot G. Potentials and limits of vegetation indices for LAI and APAR<\/p>\n<p>assessment \/\/ Remote Sensing of Environment. 1991. vol. 35, issue 2-3. pp.<\/p>\n<p>161-173.<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\u042d\u043b\u044c\u0441\u0433\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0446 \u041b. \u042d. \u0414\u0438\u0444\u0444\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0443\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u0432\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0438\u0441\u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>\u041c. \u041d\u0430\u0443\u043a\u0430. 1974. 432 \u0441.<\/p>\n<p><strong>A. J. Aliyeva<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong><em>Issues of estimating the area of vegetation cover in remotely sensed areas<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>National Aerospace Agency, Baku, Republic of Azerbaijan <em>e-mail: asadzade@rambler.ru<\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong><em>Abstract.<\/em><\/strong><em> The problem of optimal estimation of partial vegetation cover formed on the basis of a normalized vegetation index is formulated and solved, taking into account the known effect of NDVI saturation at high LAI values. The correction of only the current value of \u3016NDVI\u3017_t is proposed, and on this basis a new indicator of partial vegetation cover consisting of adjusted NDVI is formed. An integral version of the introduced indicator is also proposed. The coupling function LAI=\u03c6_k (\u3016NDVI\u3017_t) is introduced and, assuming the constancy of a certain integral of this function, the optimization problem of finding the optimal function \u03c6(\u3016NDVI\u3017_t )_opt is formed and solved at which the newly introduced integral indicator of partial cover reaches the maximum value. The interrelation of the newly proposed and known indicators of partial vegetation cover is determined.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong><em>Keywords:<\/em><\/strong><em> vegetation cover, saturation effect, leaf surface index, normalized difference vegetation index, optimization<\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong><em>References<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Deardorff J. W. (1978) Efficient Prediction of Ground Surface Temperature and Moisture, with Inclusion of a Layer of Vegetation \/\/ Journal of Geophysical Research. 1978. \u2116 83. \u0440\u0440.1889-1903. (in English)<\/li>\n<li>Allen R. G., Pereira L. S. Estimating crop coefficients from fraction of ground cover and height \/\/ Irrigation Science, Springer Science+Business Media. 2009. Volume 28, Issue 1. pp. 17-34 (in English)<\/li>\n<li>Casa A. de la, Ovando G., Bressanini L., Mart\u00ednez J., D\u00edaz G., Miranda C. Soybean crop coverage estimation from NDVI images with different spatial resolution to evaluate yield variability in a plot. ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing. 2018. Vol.146. pp.531-547. (in English)<\/li>\n<li>Foley J. A., Levis S., Costa M. H., Cramer W., Pollard D. Incorporating Dynamic Vegetation Cover within Global Climate Models \/\/ Ecological Applications. Vol. 10, \u2116. 6. 2000. pp. 1620-1632. (in English)<\/li>\n<li>Li F., Kustas W. P., Prueger J. H., Neale C. M. U., Jackson T. J. Utility of remote sensing-based two-source energy balance model under low- and high-vegetation cover conditions \/\/ Journal of Hydrometeorology. Vol. 6. 2005. pp. 878-891. (in English)<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><em>\u0410\u043b\u0438\u0435\u0432\u0430 \u0410. \u0414\u0436.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1142\" height=\"1\" class=\"wp-image-2618\" src=\"http:\/\/geopolitika.cfuv.ru\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/word-image-2606-6-1.png\" srcset=\"https:\/\/geopolitika.cfuv.ru\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/word-image-2606-6-1.png 1142w, https:\/\/geopolitika.cfuv.ru\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/word-image-2606-6-1-150x1.png 150w, https:\/\/geopolitika.cfuv.ru\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/word-image-2606-6-1-300x1.png 300w, https:\/\/geopolitika.cfuv.ru\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/word-image-2606-6-1-768x1.png 768w, https:\/\/geopolitika.cfuv.ru\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/word-image-2606-6-1-1024x1.png 1024w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1142px) 100vw, 1142px\" \/><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Wang G. X., Liu G. S., Li C. J., Yang Y. The variability of soil thermal and hydrological dynamics with vegetation cover in a permafrost region \/\/ Agricultural and Forest Meteorology. Vol. 162\u2013163, 15. 2012. pp. 44-57. (in English)<\/li>\n<li>Wei X. H., Li, Q., Zhang M. F., Giles-Hansen K., Liu W. F., Fan H. B., Wang Y.,<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>Zhou G. Y., Piao S. L., Liu S. R. Vegetation cover-another dominant factor in determining global water resources in forested regions \/\/ Global Change Biology. 2018. pp. 786-795. (in English)<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Jiang M., Tian S., Zheng Z., Zhan Q., He Y. Human Activity Influences on Vegetation Cover Changes in Beijing, China, from 2000 to 2015. Remote Sens. 2017, 9(3), 271. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/rs9030271\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/rs9030271. <\/a>(in English)<\/li>\n<li>Tong L., Zhou J., Li X., Qian Y. T., Gao Y. S. 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C. F., Zhang X. Y. ; Muchoney D., Strahler A. H. ; Woodcock, C. E. ; Gopal, S. ; Schneider, A. ; Cooper, A. ; Baccini, A., Gao<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>F., Schaaf C. Global land cover mapping from MODIS: algorithms and early results<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Remote Sensing of Environment. 2002. vol. 83, issue 1-2. pp. 287-302. (in English)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>14. Chopping M., Su L., Rango A., Martonchik J., Peters D., Laliberte A. Remote sensing of woody shrub cover in desert grasslands using MISR with a geometric-optical canopy reflectance model \/\/ Remote Sensing of Environment. 2008 vol. 112, issue 1. pp. 19-34. (in English)<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Nilson T. A theoretical analysis of the frequency of gaps in plant stands \/\/ Agricultural Meteorology. 1971. \u2116 8. pp. 25-38. (in English)<\/li>\n<li>Qi J., Marsett R. C., Moran M. S., Goodrich D. C., et al. 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(in Russian)<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><em>\u041f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u0438\u043b\u0430 \u0432 \u0440\u0435\u0434\u0430\u043a\u0446\u0438\u044e 01.04.2022 \u0433.<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0413\u0435\u043e\u043f\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0430 \u0438 \u044d\u043a\u043e\u0433\u0435\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043c\u0438\u043a\u0430 \u0440\u0435\u0433\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043e\u0432. \u0422\u043e\u043c 8 (18). \u0412\u044b\u043f. 2. 2022 \u0433. \u0421. 78\u201384. \u0423\u0414\u041a 574.42 \u0410. \u0414\u0436. \u0410\u043b\u0438\u0435\u0432\u0430 \u0412\u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u044b \u043e\u0446\u0435\u043d\u043a\u0438 \u043f\u043b\u043e\u0449\u0430\u0434\u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u0434\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u043e \u0437\u043e\u043d\u0434\u0438\u0440\u0443\u0435\u043c\u044b\u0445 \u0443\u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043a\u0430\u0445 \u041d\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0430\u044d\u0440\u043e\u043a\u043e\u0441\u043c\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0435 \u0430\u0433\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e, \u0433. \u0411\u0430\u043a\u0443, \u0410\u0437\u0435\u0440\u0431\u0430\u0439\u0434\u0436\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u0420\u0435\u0441\u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0430 e-mail: asadzade@rambler.ru \u0410\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0442\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f. \u0421\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0443\u043b\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0430 \u0438 \u0440\u0435\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u0437\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0447\u0430 \u043e\u043f\u0442\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043e\u0446\u0435\u043d\u043a\u0438 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0432\u0435\u0433\u0435\u0442\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430, \u0441\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u0431\u0430\u0437\u0435 \u043d\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0432\u0435\u0433\u0435\u0442\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0438\u043d\u0434\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0430, \u0441 \u0443\u0447\u0435\u0442\u043e\u043c \u0438\u0437\u0432\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":13,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-2606","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"translation":{"provider":"WPGlobus","version":"3.0.0","language":"en","enabled_languages":["ru","en"],"languages":{"ru":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"en":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false}}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/geopolitika.cfuv.ru\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2606","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/geopolitika.cfuv.ru\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/geopolitika.cfuv.ru\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/geopolitika.cfuv.ru\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/13"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/geopolitika.cfuv.ru\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2606"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/geopolitika.cfuv.ru\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2606\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2620,"href":"https:\/\/geopolitika.cfuv.ru\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2606\/revisions\/2620"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/geopolitika.cfuv.ru\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2606"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}